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Demonstrations in the Gaza Strip against Hamas

On March 25, 2025, Gazans held spontaneous popular demonstrations in Beit Lahia in the northern Gaza Strip to protest the continuation of the war and Hamas rule, the first major public protest against Hamas since October 7, 2023. In the following two days, additional demonstrations took place in Beit Lahia and in other areas of the Gaza Strip. However, since March 28, 2025, no physical demonstrations have been recorded and the protest has continued mainly on social media. Each demonstration was attended by dozens to hundreds of protesters; Alongside the calls to end the war, in light of the renewal of IDF attacks in the Gaza Strip, the demonstrators accused both Hamas and Israel of responsibility for their suffering and demanded Hamas relinquish control of the Gaza Strip, which it has held since 2007; Hamas initially tried to represent the demonstrations as protesting "Israeli aggression," but also claimed that "parties with suspicious agendas" were leading the protest in the service of Israel. Later, Hamas forces used violence, and according to reports activists who participated in the protest or promoted it on social media received threats from Hamas operatives and were physically attacked, including a protester who was tortured to death; The Palestinian Authority and Fatah denied involvement in the demonstrations but called on Hamas to respond to the Gazans' calls and relinquish control of the Gaza Strip; Most of the reports on the protest appeared in media outlets not affiliated with Hamas and on social media. Hamas media outlets, and those affiliated with it such as Al Jazeera, either did not report on it or claimed it was directed against Israe; In our assessment, the demonstrations express the Gazans' genuine pain, and therefore are spontaneous, without leadership or direction. However, the fear of the Hamas forces, whose use of physical force instills fear among the residents, may prevent an alternative leadership from emerging. After three days the demonstrations waned and ended, but if the fighting and the humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip continue without a diplomatic breakthrough, the protest may be renewed and Hamas can be expected to suppress it rapidly. 
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Spotlight on Terrorism and the Israel-Palestinian Conflict (March 18 – 25, 2025)

IDF forces continued operations against Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad targets in the Gaza Strip. Terrorist operatives were eliminated, including members of the Hamas political bureau and commanders in its military wing. Eight rockets were fired at Israel, some toward the Greater Tel Aviv area. there were no casualties; Hamas condemned the IDF activity and accused Israel of undermining the ceasefire agreement. Hamas claimed it was prepared to continue negotiations on the second phase of the ceasefire and the release of hostages to end the war; Fatah official warned Hamas that its continued rule in the Gaza Strip threatened the existence of the Palestinian people. Hamas confirmed that it had proposed a ceasefire lasting five to ten years for reconstruction and reassessing its role in the Palestinian arena; An Arab-Israeli terrorist carried out a shooting and vehicle ramming attack near the northern Israeli town of Yokneam; one Israeli civilian was killed and a soldier was injured. Israeli security forces continued extensive counterterrorism operations in Judea and Samaria; The Palestinian Authority prime minister accused Israel of the "forced displacement" of fifty thousand residents of the Jenin and Tulkarm refugee camps.
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Spotlight on the Israel-Palestinian Conflict (March 11 – 18, 2025)

On March 18, 2025, the IDF attacked Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) terrorist operatives and facilities in the Gaza Strip for the first time since the ceasefire went into effect on January 19, 2025. Hamas claimed that more than 400 people were killed, including senior figures in its political bureau, and accused Israel of renewing the "war of extermination" and endangering the lives of the hostages. Hamas claimed they remained committed to continuing negotiations on the second phase of the ceasefire agreement. The spokesman for the Palestinian Islamic Jihad’s military wing was reportedly killed in an attack on the central Gaza Strip; The Palestinian Authority accused Hamas of engaging in unauthorized contacts with "foreign entities" regarding the future of the Gaza Strip. In response, Hamas demanded that the Palestinian Authority cease security coordination with Israel; Palestinians welcomed the American president's statement that "no one is expelling Palestinians from Gaza."; An Israeli civilian was injured in a shooting near Ariel. Israeli security forces continued their counterterrorism operation in northern Samaria and expanded it to Nablus; Palestinian Authority chairman Mahmoud Abbas visited the king of Jordan and noted the importance of Arab coordination in implementing the Arab-Islamic initiative for the reconstruction of the Gaza Strip.
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Spotlight on Terrorism, February 2025

During February 2025 fighting continued in Judea and Samaria. In the Gaza Strip, the ceasefire which began on January 19, 2025, continued. The ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah also continued. The Houthis and the pro-Iranian militias in Iraq did not attack Israel. Israel, Judea and Samaria: Palestinians carried out four terrorist attacks, killing three Israelis; there were five attacks in January. Israeli security forces continued counterterrorism operations throughout Judea and Samaria, continuing their extensive operation in northern Samaria. Terrorist operatives and commanders of terrorist organizations were eliminated in exchanges of fire and aerial strikes.  The Gaza Strip: The ceasefire between Israel and Hamas continued. IDF forces attacked suspicious Gazans who approached them in various areas of the Strip. Three rockets launched from the Gaza Strip did not reach Israeli territory.  Lebanon: IDF forces withdrew from south Lebanon on February 18, 2025, except for five strategic points near the border. The IDF continued actions against Hezbollah’s attempts to violate the November 27, 2024 ceasefire understandings and against the organization’s efforts to rebuild itself. Terrorist operatives were eliminated and military facilities were attacked. A senior Hamas operative was eliminated and other terrorist organizations operating in Lebanon announced operatives had been killed in IDF strikes. The Shi’ite militias: Since January 19, 2025, when the ceasefire in the Gaza Strip went into effect, the Houthis have not attacked Israel or Israeli shipping. The pro-Iranian militias in Iraq have not claimed responsibility for attacking Israel since November 24, 2024, and negotiations between the Iraqi government and the militias regarding their disarmament continued.
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Spotlight on the Israel-Palestinian Conflict (March 4 – 11, 2025)

Hamas confirmed secret talks had been held with representatives of the Trump administration but claimed the movement would agree to the release of the hostages only as part of a comprehensive agreement which would end the war in the Gaza Strip. They also reiterated their commitment to negotiations on the second phase of the ceasefire agreement; Hamas reportedly took action against senior figures and operatives who abandoned their positions during the war. It was also reported that the military wing was reorganized because of manpower shortages; The Egyptian plan for the reconstruction of Gaza, valued at more than $50 billion without the evacuation of Gazans, was approved at the Arab emergency summit and by the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. The Palestinian Authority said it would manage the Strip, while Hamas continued to call for the establishment of a management committee that would receive broad Palestinian consensus; Terrorists shot at an IDF force at a checkpoint in Samaria; no casualties were reported. Israeli security forces continued extensive counterterrorism operations in northern Samaria and eliminated the head of a Hamas cell in Jenin; Palestinian Authority chairman Mahmoud Abbas attended the Arab emergency summit in Cairo and met with foreign leaders, including the presidents of Syria and Lebanon.
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Spotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah and Lebanon (March 3 – 10 , 2025)

IDF forces continued operations against Hezbollah’s efforts to strengthen its military capabilities and against the organization’s presence in south Lebanon, contrary to the understandings of the ceasefire agreement. A senior terrorist in Hezbollah's elite Radwan Force was eliminated, and a large-scale airstrike attacked Hezbollah military sites in the south of the country; In his first interview, Hezbollah secretary general Na’im Qassem claimed the organization had honored the ceasefire agreement, adding that Hezbollah would not stop the "resistance." Sources close to Hezbollah warned that if the Lebanese state did not act against "Israeli violations," Hezbollah suicide bombers might attack IDF forces; A senior Hezbollah figure asked why Hassan Nasrallah and Hashem Safi al-Din were in the Dahiyeh al-Janoubia despite Israeli surveillance and accused the organization of negligence and disregard for security measures. According to a Lebanese analyst, such statements indicate growing internal disputes within Hezbollah; Lebanese President Joseph Aoun visited Saudi Arabia and participated in the Arab Emergency Summit on Gaza in Cairo, where he met with foreign leaders, including Syrian President al-Sharaa. Aoun said Lebanon would not give up its land or the prisoners held in Israel and said he opposed the "displacement" of Palestinians; The Trump administration approved a $95 million military aid package for the Lebanese army.
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