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The Palestinian Authority (PA)

Spotlight on Syria (April 9 –23, 2025)

IDF forces continued targeted raids in the Golan Heights buffer zone. UN officials claimed that Israeli “violations” threatened stability in Syria, while the United States expressed support for Israeli actions against terrorist elements in Syria; President Erdoğan accused Israel of trying to ignite ethnic and sectarian conflict, although the Turkish foreign minister said they did not seek to confront Israel in Syria; Palestinian Authority chairman Mahmoud Abbas held his first meeting with Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa and agreed to enhance cooperation; The Palestinian Islamic Jihad reported that two of its senior operatives were arrested by the authorities in Syria “without cause.”; Syrian security forces confiscated various weapons, including anti-tank and shoulder-fired missiles, during operations against gangs in Daraa Governorate in southern Syria; Syrian President al-Sharaa met with United States Congressmen for the first time. One Congressman claimed al-Sharaa expressed a willingness to improve relations with Israel.
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Spotlight on the Israel-Palestinian Conflict (April 7 –21, 2025)

IDF forces continued operating against Hamas and other terrorist organizations in the Gaza Strip, completing the takeover of the Morag Axis in the southern Gaza Strip and encircling the city of Rafah. The forces discovered tunnels and weapons depots, destroyed Hamas command complexes and eliminated dozens of Hamas terrorist operatives. One IDF soldier was killed in the northern Gaza Strip; Hamas rejected the partial ceasefire and hostage release deal since it did not include a full Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip and the reconstruction of the Strip; Hamas also opposed Israel’s demand for disarmament; According to reports, targeting Hamas money changers affected the movement’s ability to pay its operatives and government employees. However, Hamas claimed that eliminating senior figures in its political bureau and military wing had only a temporary effect and did not constitute an existential crisis; Hamas appealed the UK’s decision to designate its political bureau as a terrorist organization; Israel, Judea and Samaria: Two terrorist attacks were carried out and a third incident was suspected of being an attack. Israeli security forces continued counterterrorism operations in Judea and Samaria. Arab-Israelis were detained on suspicion of planning attacks inside Israel; The Palestinian Authority praised French President Macron for his intention to recognize a Palestinian state in the coming months.
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Spotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah and Lebanon (April 8 – 21, 2025)

IDF forces continued taking action to prevent Hezbollah from rebuilding its military capabilities and against the organization’s presence in south Lebanon in violation of the ceasefire, and eliminated senior terrorist figures and operatives, including the deputy head of the unit for transferring weapons and funds from Iran; Hezbollah continued placing responsibility on Lebanese state institutions to act against the Israeli “violations.” Secretary general Na'im Qassem said diplomatic solutions had a time limit and if the government made the decision, Hezbollah was prepared to fight at the border; Lebanese government officials called on the international community to increase pressure on Israel to withdraw from the five points it holds in south Lebanon; The Lebanese army uncovered hundreds of weapons and dismantled Hezbollah installations in south Lebanon without resistance from the organization; Discussion over Hezbollah's disarmament intensified. Na'im Qassem, the organization’s secretary general, warned they would confront anyone who tried to disarm them, although senior Hezbollah figures expressed willingness to discuss a “national defense strategy” after Israel’s withdrawal from south Lebanon. President Aoun said a decision had been made to restrict weapons’ carrying to state security forces, but added that the issue would be resolved through dialogue; The Lebanese army announced the arrest of suspects involved in firing rockets at northern Israel. The detainees were reportedly Hamas operatives, although the movement denied it. President Aoun reportedly decided to disarm the Hamas branch in Lebanon.
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Spotlight on the Israel-Palestinian Conflict (April 1 –7, 2025)

IDF forces continued operations targeting the military capabilities of Hamas and other terrorist organizations in the northern Gaza Strip, the Rafah area and along the Morag Axis in the south, ordering the evacuation of entire areas. Terrorist operatives were eliminated, some of whom were hiding in civilian buildings. Rocket fire at Israeli territory continued; nine people were injured; Hamas opposed Israeli demands in the negotiations for renewing the ceasefire and releasing the hostages. The spokesperson for the Hamas military wing stated half of the hostages had been deliberately left in the combat zones; Isolated protests continued against the ongoing war and calling for an end to Hamas rule. The family of a young Palestinian who was shot by a Hamas police officer responded by killing the officer; A study by a British research institute found that the names of thousands of alleged Palestinian fatalities disappeared from the records of the Hamas-controlled ministry of health in Gaza; According to reports, Egypt is formulating a new framework through which it would assume responsibility for administering the Gaza Strip for one year, followed by a five-year transitional period of Egyptian security rule in coordination with an international force; Israeli security forces continued extensive counterterrorism operations in Judea and Samaria.
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Spotlight on the Israel-Palestinian Conflict (March 25 – April 1, 2025)

IDF forces operated against targets of Hamas and other terrorist organizations in the northern and central Gaza Strip. In the south, the IDF ordered the evacuation of the city of Rafah. Senior terrorist operatives were eliminated, including a Hamas spokesperson. Six rockets were fired at Israeli communities near the Gaza border; there were no casualties; Efforts continued to renew the ceasefire between Israel and Hamas. Hamas claimed it would not hesitate to release all the Israeli hostages if it guaranteed the end of the war; Spontaneous popular demonstrations took place in various locations of the Gaza Strip to protest the continuation of the war and to end Hamas rule. According to reports, Hamas security forces threatened and assaulted protestors; The Hamas government in the Gaza Strip admitted that due to the elimination of senior figures it was currently limited to providing only basic services; Hamas and other Palestinian terrorist organizations reportedly agreed that dismantling their military wings in the Gaza Strip was a red line and they would not to discuss it as long as the "Israeli occupation" continued; Israeli security forces continued counterterrorism operations in Judea and Samaria, and exposed a terrorist cell handled by Hamas headquarters in Turkey.
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Demonstrations in the Gaza Strip against Hamas

On March 25, 2025, Gazans held spontaneous popular demonstrations in Beit Lahia in the northern Gaza Strip to protest the continuation of the war and Hamas rule, the first major public protest against Hamas since October 7, 2023. In the following two days, additional demonstrations took place in Beit Lahia and in other areas of the Gaza Strip. However, since March 28, 2025, no physical demonstrations have been recorded and the protest has continued mainly on social media. Each demonstration was attended by dozens to hundreds of protesters; Alongside the calls to end the war, in light of the renewal of IDF attacks in the Gaza Strip, the demonstrators accused both Hamas and Israel of responsibility for their suffering and demanded Hamas relinquish control of the Gaza Strip, which it has held since 2007; Hamas initially tried to represent the demonstrations as protesting "Israeli aggression," but also claimed that "parties with suspicious agendas" were leading the protest in the service of Israel. Later, Hamas forces used violence, and according to reports activists who participated in the protest or promoted it on social media received threats from Hamas operatives and were physically attacked, including a protester who was tortured to death; The Palestinian Authority and Fatah denied involvement in the demonstrations but called on Hamas to respond to the Gazans' calls and relinquish control of the Gaza Strip; Most of the reports on the protest appeared in media outlets not affiliated with Hamas and on social media. Hamas media outlets, and those affiliated with it such as Al Jazeera, either did not report on it or claimed it was directed against Israe; In our assessment, the demonstrations express the Gazans' genuine pain, and therefore are spontaneous, without leadership or direction. However, the fear of the Hamas forces, whose use of physical force instills fear among the residents, may prevent an alternative leadership from emerging. After three days the demonstrations waned and ended, but if the fighting and the humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip continue without a diplomatic breakthrough, the protest may be renewed and Hamas can be expected to suppress it rapidly. 
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