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The Israeli Palestinian Conflict

Spotlight on the Israel-Palestinian Conflict (November 26 – December 3 , 2024)

The southern arena: IDF forces continued extensive operations in the Jebalya refugee camp and Beit Lahia in the northern Gaza Strip, as well as in central and southern Gaza. Two IDF soldiers were killed in northern Gaza; Senior Hamas figures expressed willingness to reach a ceasefire agreement in light of the agreement in Lebanon. According to reports, Hamas agreed to concessions in the negotiations, including a gradual withdrawal of IDF forces from the Gaza Strip; According to reports, Hamas and Fatah representatives met in Cairo and agreed to establish a "community support committee" to manage the Gaza Strip under the authority of the Palestinian Authority government; Gazans accused Hamas authorities of ignoring public suffering after two girls and a woman were killed in a heavy crowd during bread distribution; Nine Israelis were injured in a shooting attack on a bus near Ariel. The attacker was killed, and Hamas claimed responsibility. Israeli security forces continued counterterrorism operations in Judea and Samaria and attacked terrorist operatives from the air. Israeli security forces prevented Iran from smuggling a large quantity of "balance overturning" weapons to terrorist operatives in Jenin; Mahmoud Abbas, PA chairman, issued a declaration to the effect that in the event of his incapacity, the chairman of the Palestinian National Council would temporarily assume the role of PA "president" until elections were held.
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Spotlight on the Israel-Palestinian Conflict (November 19 – 26 , 2024)

IDF forces continued extensive operations in the Jebalya refugee camp and in Beit Lahia in the northern Gaza Strip, as well as in the central and southern Gaza Strip. An IDF soldier was killed in the fighting; Senior Hamas figures said that discussions on the release of hostages would take place only after the war in the Gaza Strip had ended. They warned that attacking Hamas "fighters" guarding the hostages could endanger their lives; Hamas in the Gaza Strip called on the international community to provide winter equipment after thousands of tents of displaced persons were damaged by rain; The unit of Hamas' interior ministry which combats looting announced it had killed individuals involved in robberies and demanded merchants limit the price of bread; Senior Hamas figures said they were waiting for Fatah’s response to the proposal of a joint committee to manage the Gaza Strip. Hamas claimed that Mahmoud Abbas, chairman of the Palestinian Authority, was delaying the implementation of the agreements; Israeli security forces continued counterterrorism activities in Judea and Samaria, killing nine terrorist operatives in an operation in Jenin and Qabatiya; Palestinians welcomed the decision of the International Criminal Court to issue arrest warrants for Prime Minister Netanyahu and former Defense Minister Gallant. An arrest warrant was also issued for the head of Hamas' military wing, Mohammed Deif, who was killed in July 2024; Three Jordanian security personnel were injured in a shooting attack near the Israeli embassy in Amman; Charges were brought in Germany against four Hamas-affiliated suspects for planning to attack Israeli and Western targets. 
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Muhammad Dahlan and His Possible Involvement in “The Day After” in the Gaza Strip

In attempts to find a party to manage the Gaza Strip "the day after," the name of Muhammad Dahlan, a senior Fatah figure in exile in the UAE, has occasionally come up as a potential candidate oversee Gaza's administration after the war, at least temporarily. In September 2024, the Fatah leadership under Mahmoud Abbas decided to promote a reconciliation initiative with Dahlan and other ousted Fatah members; Dahlan's name emerged prominently due to his involvement in Gaza during the war through UAE humanitarian aid efforts and his political connections with various Gaza figures, including Yahya al-Sinwar, who was head of the Hamas political bureau until he was killed in October 2024; Muhammad Dahlan himself has denied the reports, claiming he refuses to take on any security, governmental or executive role and was solely focused on humanitarian aid activities; Born in Khan Yunis in the Gaza Strip, Dahlan was a prominent figure in the "middle generation" of Fatah leadership. Following the Oslo Accords and the establishment of the Palestinian Authority (PA) he held senior roles, including head of the preventive security forces in Gaza and minister of civilian affairs. As part of his role he engaged in political and security discussions with Israeli officials, but after the outbreak of the second intifada his name was mentioned in connection with to terrorist activities against Israel; In 2011, Dahlan was expelled from Fatah over claims he attempted to overthrow PA chairman Mahmoud Abbas. He relocated to the UAE, becoming a close advisor to President Muhammad bin Zayed. Meanwhile he worked to maintain his status within the PA through political alliances and by strengthening ties with Hamas in Gaza; In ITIC assessment, reconciliation talks between Fatah and Dahlan can be expected to continue, as they serve both sides. For the PA, they represent an opportunity to draw closer to the UAE and Gulf States, which were expected to play a central role in Gaza's reconstruction after the war. For Dahlan, the process helps strengthen his standing within the PA as a potential leader after the Mahmoud Abbas era, especially if Marwan Barghouti remains imprisoned in Israel during negotiations with Hamas over the release of the hostages. Dahlan also has the advantage of not currently being associated with the PA leadership and was recognized as a prominent rival to Mahmoud Abbas and the leadership, which was widely perceived as corrupt by the public.
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Spotlight on the Israel-Palestinian Conflict (November 12 – 19 , 2024)

IDF forces continued their extensive activity in the Jabalia refugee camp and Beit Lahia in the northern Gaza Strip, alongside continued activity in the central and southern Gaza Strip. Three IDF fighters were killed in the northern Gaza Strip; The hostages and the ceasefire agreement: A senior Hamas “source” claimed that contact with the command in the Gaza Strip which is responsible for securing the hostages had been terminated. The Qatari Foreign Ministry spokesman made it clear that his country is ready to renew mediation attempts if the sides show seriousness. Hamas denied that the movement’s leadership had moved from Qatar to Turkey; The Hamas Ministry of the Interior in the Gaza Strip established a new police unit to combat gangs looting aid convoys. More than 20 Palestinians were reportedly killed in the unit’s activity against looters; Israel, Judea and Samaria: This past week, two terrorist attacks were carried out, in which two IDF soldiers were wounded. The Israeli security forces continued their counterterrorism activities in Judea and Samaria; Palestinian Authority Chairman Mahmoud Abbas said in a speech marking the 36th anniversary of the Palestinian "Declaration" of Independence that the Palestinians are still ready for peace and the implementation of the two-state solution but would not compromise on their rights. Mahmoud Abbas reportedly received an American proposal for the “day after,” including the establishment of an international civilian administration with the assistance of the Palestinian Authority, security arrangements, and the reconstruction of the region during the transition period.
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Captured Documents Show Iranian Support for Hamas in the Gaza Strip

Iran has been Hamas' primary strategic supporter since 2014, providing military equipment and training as well as financial aid amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars for the movement's leadership and its military wing. Senior Hamas figures have also publicly thanked Tehran for providing weapons enabling attacks deep inside Israeli territory; Hamas documents captured by IDF forces during the Gaza Strip War offer a glimpse into the extent of Iranian penetration of Hamas as part of constructing the "resistance axis" against Israel. In addition to supporting Hamas' military activities, Iran supports other Gazan terrorist organizations and funds civilian, educational and cultural initiatives; The documents also provide new information on Iran's involvement in Hamas' preparations for the October 7, 2023 attack and massacre, including coordination with Hezbollah and Hamas deployment in the Lebanese arena; The documents reveal a strategic Iranian process to gain a foothold and exert influence over Hamas in particular and the Gaza Strip in general. Iran carried out the process by means of extensive funding, partially directed towards civilian programs, strengthening Shi'a within the Sunni society in Gaza (and influencing Hamas' decision-making by controlling financial sources and the significant procuring of weapons.
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Spotlight on Terrorism – October 2024

During October 2024, fighting continued in the Gaza Strip, Judea, Samaria, and south Lebanon, with attacks on Israel from pro-Iranian militias in Iraq and Yemen; Lebanon: The fighting escalated with the start of the IDF maneuver against Hezbollah in south Lebanon on October 1, 2024. Hezbollah claimed responsibility for 806 attacks on IDF forces and military, security and civilian targets in Israel as far as the Tel Aviv area, and deployed new weapons. Due to high number of casualties, Hezbollah stopped issuing mourning notices for senior figures and operatives, except for the announcement of the elimination of Hashem Safi al-Din, head of the Executive Council, who was to be appointed Hezbollah secretary general; The Gaza Strip: The terrorist organizations fired 28 rockets at Israeli territory, compared to four rockets in September. Targeted killings of senior Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad terrorist operatives continued, including Yahya al-Sinwar, head of the Hamas political bureau in the Gaza Strip; Israel, Judea and Samaria: Palestinian terrorists carried out eight attacks were carried out in Israel, Judea, Samaria and East Jerusalem, compared to six in September; eight civilians and two security personnel were killed. Three of the terrorists held Israeli identification cards and two others held Jordanian citizenship. Israeli security forces continued counterterrorism operations focused on northern Samaria. At least 27 terrorist operatives were eliminated in exchanges of fire and airstrikes, including commanders of terrorist organizations in Tulkarm, Nablus and Jenin, as well as operatives preparing to carry out attacks; Shi'ite militias: The Islamic Resistance in Iraq issued 72 claims of responsibility for attacking 76 targets in Israeli territory, the highest number since the attacks began in November 2023, prompted by the escalation in the fighting between in Lebanon and the killing of al-Sinwar. The Saraya Awliya al-Dam militia issued 17 claims of responsibility. Most of the Iraqi militia launches were not verified, and some were intercepted. Two IDF soldiers were killed by an UAV in the Golan Heights, the first fatalities from attacks originating in Iraq. The Houthis claimed responsibility for attacking eight targets in Israel, compared to four in September.
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The Israeli Palestinian Conflict

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a nationalist conflict between two peoples living in the Land of Israel: the Jewish people and the Palestinian people. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is more than 100 years old and has been given worldwide prominence. The roots of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict go back to the 19th century, when nationalist movements gained momentum around the world, among them the Zionist movement and the call to emigrate to the Land of Israel to build a national home for the Jewish People. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict took a nationalist turn and grew after the First World War. 

The issues at the heart of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict include the permanent borders, security arrangements, Israel’s demand for Palestinian recognition of the existence of the Jewish People, the status of the Palestinian refugees, the control of Jerusalem, the Israeli settlements in Judea and Samaria, the distribution of water resources and the distribution of additional resources in Judea and Samaria.

A prominent feature of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is the severe manifestations of violence and terrorism in the Gaza Strip and Judea and Samaria that have accompanied it throughout the years of its existence. The fighting is carried out by terror squads and individuals. These manifestations of violence have led to many losses and property damage on both sides.

Over the years, many attempts have been made to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Most of the proposals attempted to promote a permanent solution that would involve the creation of Palestinian autonomy or an independent Palestinian state to be established alongside the State of Israel. This is known as the “two-state solution.” Another proposed solution for resolving the conflict is a “one-state solution” whereby all of the western Land of Israel, including the Gaza Strip and Judea and Samaria, would become a binational state. The attempts were unsuccessful due to disagreements over the nature of the solution and due to a basic lack of trust between the sides.