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Lebanon

Spotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah and Lebanon (December 22-29, 2025)

The IDF continued its activity to enforce the ceasefire agreement and to prevent Hezbollah’s renewed military buildup, and struck targets in south Lebanon and in the northern Beqa'a Valley, including Radwan Force training facilities and launch sites. The forces eliminated four Hezbollah operatives, one of them a soldier on active duty in the Lebanese army, and a terrorist operative in the Qods Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps; Hezbollah secretary general Na’im Qassem said they were not afraid of a new war and accused the Lebanese government of making "free concessions" without Israel's fulfilling its commitments under the ceasefire agreement; Lebanese President Joseph Aoun said he hoped the "cloud of war" was receding from Lebanon, after allegedly receiving American guarantees that Israel would not launch a new large-scale campaign; European countries are reportedly working to maintain a presence of their forces in south Lebanon to assist the Lebanese army after the end of UNIFIL’s mandate; Given the [alleged] completion of the first phase of Hezbollah’s disarmament south of the Litani River in accordance with the declaration from the Lebanese government, and Hezbollah’s opposition to further surrender of weapons, it was reported that the Lebanese government had still not made a decision regarding the transition to the second phase of demilitarizing the area between the Litani and Awali Rivers, and that the army commander would not give an order to collect weapons, citing a threat to civil peace in the country; Hezbollah is having difficulty financing housing allowances for tens of thousands of displaced families among its supporters following the intensified blockade of its funding sources.
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Spotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah and Lebanon (December 15-22, 2025)

Overview[1] The IDF continued attacking Hezbollah targets in south Lebanon to enforce the ceasefire agreement, which prohibited the organization’s presence south of the Litani. The IDF reported that in the year since the ceasefire, more than 370 terrorist operatives, most of them from Hezbollah, had been eliminated and there had been approximately 1,200 targeted ground
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Spotlight on Iran and the Shiite Axis (December 10-17, 2025)

Tensions between Iran and Lebanon continue:  The Iranian foreign minister expressed surprise at his Lebanese counterpart’s decision not to accept an invitation to visit Tehran and announced his intention to visit Beirut. The Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesperson expressed hope that a new ambassador would be stationed in Lebanon soon, despite the report that the Lebanese foreign minister was preventing his appointment; The Iranian ambassador to Beirut met with Lebanese Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri to discuss developments in Lebanon and the region. At the same time, the Supreme Leader’s senior advisor for international affairs met with Hezbollah’s representative in Tehran; The Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesperson said that the events in Syria, including the killing of two American soldiers and an American interpreter, should not come as a surprise, given the growing instability caused by Israeli strikes and the “occupation” of territories by foreign actors; Iran’s ambassador to Iraq met with senior officials from the Kurdish region in northern Iraq. The visit reflects a growing Iranian effort following the parliamentary elections in Iraq to influence the process of forming a new government in the country; The Houthis condemned Israel’s “violations” in the Gaza Strip, particularly the targeted killing of senior Hamas military wing commander Raed Saad; According to an internal Houthi report, forty percent of their naval and rocket capabilities damaged by American and British strikes have been restored; The Iraqi foreign minister protested the US opposition to the inclusion of Shiite militias in the next government amid reports of increasing pressure from the US administration and threats of sanctions.
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Spotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah and Lebanon (December 1-8, 2025)

The IDF continued attacking Hezbollah targets in south Lebanon to enforce the ceasefire agreement, which prohibited the organization's presence south of the Litani. The IDF reported that in the year since the ceasefire, more than 370 terrorist operatives, most of them from Hezbollah, had been eliminated and there had been approximately 1,200 targeted ground operations to destroy terrorist infrastructure and damage the organization's military capabilities; The IDF continued attacking Hezbollah targets in south Lebanon, however "enforcement" actions to implement the November 2024 ceasefire agreement occurred less frequently; Hezbollah's secretary general, Na'im Qassem, demanded that the United States and Israel stop interfering in Lebanon's internal affairs, including the rebuilding of the organization's military capabilities. He said Hezbollah would continue to "defend" itself in view of the intention to eliminate its existence; The Lebanese leadership reiterated calls to the international community to exert pressure on Israel to halt its attacks in Lebanon and to complete its withdrawal from the positions it holds in south Lebanon. Prime Minister Salam accused Israel of waging a war of attrition against Lebanon; For the first time, Lebanon's President Aoun appointed a civilian representative to head the delegation to the ceasefire monitoring committee, arguing the need to prioritize the language of negotiations over the language of war. Prime Minister Salam said it was still too early to discuss economic cooperation with Israel. Hezbollah did not conceal its displeasure with the appointment and accused the government of making concessions to Israel.
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Spotlight on Terrorism – November 2025

During November 2025 the ceasefire in the Gaza Strip remained in force, bringing a halt to Houthi attacks as well. Counterterrorism activity in Judea and Samaria continued. The ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah remained in force, despite IDF attacks on Hezbollah targets; The Gaza Strip: The ceasefire that went into effect on October 10, 2025, continued. IDF forces attacked suspicious Gazans who crossed the Yellow Line and eliminated terrorist operatives in response to ceasefire violations. The bodies of nine murdered hostages were returned to Israel, while the body of one murdered hostage remained in the Gaza Strip. No rockets were fired at Israeli territory; Israel, Judea and Samaria: There was one terrorist attack in which an Israeli civilian was killed. Israeli security forces continued counterterrorism activity throughout Judea and Samaria and launched a new large-scale operation in northern Samaria. Wanted suspects and terrorist operatives planning attacks were eliminated, and weapons were located. A terrorist network was exposed which transferred weapons under the direction of an Arab-Israeli Hamas operative operating from Turkey; Lebanon: The IDF continued attacks on Hezbollah's attempts to violate the ceasefire which went into effect on November 27, 2024, and on the organization's efforts to reconstruct itself and replenish its arsenal. More than 20 Hezbollah operatives were eliminated, including a military commander and several of his aides in an attack in Beirut, and military facilities were attacked in south Lebanon and the Beqa'a Valley. Thirteen Hamas terrorist operatives were eliminated in an attack on the Ein al-Hilweh refugee camp; Syria: IDF forces continued to operate in southern Syria; six IDF soldiers were wounded in exchanges of fire during an operation to detain wanted al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya terrorist operatives; The Houthis: The Houthis have not attacked Israel or ships since the start of the ceasefire in the Gaza Strip; Terrorism abroad: Iranian attempts to assassinate Israel's ambassador to Mexico and attack Israeli targets in Africa were foiled. A Hamas terrorist network in central Europe was exposed, involving the son of a senior Hamas figure.a
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Spotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah and Lebanon (November 24 – December 1, 2025)

The IDF continued attacking Hezbollah targets in south Lebanon to enforce the ceasefire agreement, which prohibited the organization's presence south of the Litani River. The IDF reported that in the year since the ceasefire, more than 370 terrorist operatives, most of them from Hezbollah, had been eliminated and there had been approximately 1,200 targeted ground operations to destroy terrorist infrastructure and damage the organization's military- capabilities; Hezbollah warned that the organization would respond to the elimination of its acting chief of staff, Haitham Ali al-Tabataba'i, and accused the Lebanese government of weakness. They also repeated Hezbollah's opposition to negotiations with Israel and claimed that meeting the demands would be "surrender."; The prime minister of Lebanon said that the state was in a "one-sided war of attrition" and accused Israel of delaying the withdrawal of its forces from south Lebanon on the pretext of Hezbollah's presence, even though its technological capabilities allowed it to monitor the situation without a presence on the ground. He also criticized the delay in implementing the decision on the state's monopoly on weapons and stressed that Hezbollah's weapons did not bring deterrence or victory; A newspaper affiliated with Hezbollah claimed that Lebanese officials were surprised by the position of the Egyptian foreign minister, who demanded Hezbollah be disarmed and warned of a large-scale Israeli operation by air and land; To dispel criticism of its handling of Hezbollah's disarmament, the Lebanese army invited journalists to visit a Hezbollah tunnel located in south Lebanon and claimed that Israel had not provided proof that Hezbollah was smuggling weapons; Hezbollah denied claims that a human breach of the organization had enabled the targeted killings of senior figures, but the organization has reportedly limited the use of smartphones and taken additional security measures after the killing of al-Tabataba'i
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Lebanon

Lebanon is a small country with a population of only about 4.1 million. Situated on the Mediterranean Sea, Lebanon borders on Israel in the south and Syria in the east and north. It gained its independence from France on November 22, 1943. Due to Lebanon’s varied ethnic composition, its history is rife with schisms, conflicts and civil wars based on sectarian allegiances. Since its independence, Lebanon has had a unique political system of ethnic distribution with a parliamentary democracy based on ethnic-sectarian-religious representation. The most important offices are divided among the various religious groups, in accordance with the national charter of 1943.


Lebanon’s social complexity, the weakness of its central government, and the social and economic gaps between the various ethnic groups led to the rise of many armed sectarian-political militias, some of which turned to terrorism. The most prominent Shiite terrorist organization in Lebanon is Hezbollah, which was founded in the summer of 1982 during the First Lebanon War. It is not only a terrorist organization which owes its allegiance to the Iranian regime, it has also been incorporated into the Lebanese political system.


Lebanon has traditionally served as an arena for foreign forces, both Middle Eastern and international. In the past, Syria’s intervention in Lebanon was most conspicuous. Today, Iran’s intervention is most conspicuous: it provides Hezbollah in Lebanon with weapons, ammunition, financing and military training. The border between Israel and Lebanon has undergone some tense periods and several confrontations where IDF forces entered the Lebanese territory. Since the Second Lebanon War (2006), the border between Israel and Lebanon has been relatively quiet, a situation exploited by Hezbollah to advance its military buildup and intensely intervene in the civil war in Syria, under Iranian direction.