Iran

Spotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah and Lebanon (December 15-22, 2025)

Overview[1] The IDF continued attacking Hezbollah targets in south Lebanon to enforce the ceasefire agreement, which prohibited the organization’s presence south of the Litani. The IDF reported that in the year since the ceasefire, more than 370 terrorist operatives, most of them from Hezbollah, had been eliminated and there had been approximately 1,200 targeted ground
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Spotlight on Iran and the Shiite Axis (December 10-17, 2025)

Tensions between Iran and Lebanon continue:  The Iranian foreign minister expressed surprise at his Lebanese counterpart’s decision not to accept an invitation to visit Tehran and announced his intention to visit Beirut. The Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesperson expressed hope that a new ambassador would be stationed in Lebanon soon, despite the report that the Lebanese foreign minister was preventing his appointment; The Iranian ambassador to Beirut met with Lebanese Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri to discuss developments in Lebanon and the region. At the same time, the Supreme Leader’s senior advisor for international affairs met with Hezbollah’s representative in Tehran; The Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesperson said that the events in Syria, including the killing of two American soldiers and an American interpreter, should not come as a surprise, given the growing instability caused by Israeli strikes and the “occupation” of territories by foreign actors; Iran’s ambassador to Iraq met with senior officials from the Kurdish region in northern Iraq. The visit reflects a growing Iranian effort following the parliamentary elections in Iraq to influence the process of forming a new government in the country; The Houthis condemned Israel’s “violations” in the Gaza Strip, particularly the targeted killing of senior Hamas military wing commander Raed Saad; According to an internal Houthi report, forty percent of their naval and rocket capabilities damaged by American and British strikes have been restored; The Iraqi foreign minister protested the US opposition to the inclusion of Shiite militias in the next government amid reports of increasing pressure from the US administration and threats of sanctions.
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Spotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah and Lebanon (December 8-15, 2025)

The IDF continued attacking Hezbollah targets in south Lebanon to enforce the ceasefire agreement, which prohibited the organization's presence south of the Litani. The IDF reported that in the year since the ceasefire, more than 370 terrorist operatives, most of them from Hezbollah, had been eliminated and there had been approximately 1,200 targeted ground operations to destroy terrorist infrastructure and damage the organization's military capabilities; The IDF continued activity to enforce the ceasefire agreement and prevent Hezbollah from rebuilding its military-terrorist capabilities, attacking a Radwan Force training compound and military facilities. The IDF renewed the targeted killings of Hezbollah terrorist operatives, including a senior operative who handled agents within Lebanon's security services; Hezbollah secretary general Na'im Qassem reiterated the organization's refusal to disarm and called on the Lebanese state authorities to "recalculate their course" and not make concessions to Israel; The Lebanese leadership expressed hope that the appointment of former ambassador Simon Karam as head of the Lebanese delegation to ceasefire oversite talks with Israel would prevent escalation. Parliament Speaker Berri said there could be no progress in negotiations unless Israel was willing to withdraw from positions in south Lebanon; The IDF canceled an attack on a building used by Hezbollah in a village in south Lebanon after Lebanese Army forces conducted searches despite residents' opposition; The Lebanese Army has reportedly completed 90% of the demilitarization of the area south of the Litani River and is expected to complete the mission by the end of the year. However, according to reports, the Lebanese leadership was warned that if it did not disarm Hezbollah north of the Litani as well, Israel would be given a free hand to attack Hezbollah, including in Beirut; Lebanese Foreign Minister Youssef Rajji said Hezbollah's weapons had not protected Lebanon or assisted the Gaza Strip and accused Iran of causing the greatest amount of regional destabilization. The Iranian foreign minister is expected to visit Lebanon and meet with senior Hezbollah figures in preparation for reshaping the organization's leadership; Given the growing pressure to shut down Hezbollah's al-Qard al-Hassan Association, the organization was reportedly considering changing its financial structure and its name.
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Iranian Activity in East Africa: A Growing Threat to Israeli and Western Interests

For years Iran has been working to advance diplomatic, economic and military objectives in East Africa as part of a strategy to position itself as a regional power, use the region to expand its geo-strategic influence and turn East Africa into a logistical backyard serving its efforts to build its network of terrorist proxy organizations; In recent years Iran renewed its relations with Djibouti and Sudan and tightened its ties with Ethiopia. That enabled Iran to expand its regional presence with the export of advanced weapons to conflict zones in East Africa, especially the civil war in Sudan; The ongoing relations between Iran and al-Shabaab, an al-Qaeda-affiliated Somalian terrorist organization, have made them middlemen in Iran's chain of proxies: The Houthis transfer Iranian weapons to al-Shabaab in the Horn of Africa, and al-Shabaab allows Tehran to use the ports under its control to smuggle weapons to the Houthis; In ITIC assessment, Iran's expanding presence in East Africa is a growing threat to Israeli interests because of Iran's ability to use the smuggling routes for weapons from Sudan to the Gaza Strip. Iran may also use the weapons it sends to conflict zones in East Africa and its official missions there to promote terrorist plots against Israeli targets in Africa. In addition, the threat to vital American and Western interests is increased by giving Iran the ability to attack shipping lanes in the Red Sea and through its dangerous proximity to the main American base in Djibouti.
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Spotlight on Iran and the Shiite Axis (December 3-10, 2025)

The speaker of the Iranian Majles accused Israel of “systematic genocide” of the Palestinians and stressed his country’s opposition to any attempt to impose a political solution on the Palestinians; The Iranian media reported extensively on the death of Yasser Abu Shabab, head of the Popular Forces militia in Rafah, and stressed that it was proof of the failure of Israeli policy in the Gaza Strip; The Iranian foreign minister invited his Lebanese counterpart to visit Tehran. The Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesperson rejected the Lebanese foreign minister’s claim regarding Iranian interference in his country’s internal affairs; The Iraqi prime minister ordered an investigation after the Terrorist Funds Freezing Committee included Hezbollah and the Houthis on the list of terrorist organizations. The committee chairman claimed that this was a “mistake”.
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Spotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah and Lebanon (December 1-8, 2025)

The IDF continued attacking Hezbollah targets in south Lebanon to enforce the ceasefire agreement, which prohibited the organization's presence south of the Litani. The IDF reported that in the year since the ceasefire, more than 370 terrorist operatives, most of them from Hezbollah, had been eliminated and there had been approximately 1,200 targeted ground operations to destroy terrorist infrastructure and damage the organization's military capabilities; The IDF continued attacking Hezbollah targets in south Lebanon, however "enforcement" actions to implement the November 2024 ceasefire agreement occurred less frequently; Hezbollah's secretary general, Na'im Qassem, demanded that the United States and Israel stop interfering in Lebanon's internal affairs, including the rebuilding of the organization's military capabilities. He said Hezbollah would continue to "defend" itself in view of the intention to eliminate its existence; The Lebanese leadership reiterated calls to the international community to exert pressure on Israel to halt its attacks in Lebanon and to complete its withdrawal from the positions it holds in south Lebanon. Prime Minister Salam accused Israel of waging a war of attrition against Lebanon; For the first time, Lebanon's President Aoun appointed a civilian representative to head the delegation to the ceasefire monitoring committee, arguing the need to prioritize the language of negotiations over the language of war. Prime Minister Salam said it was still too early to discuss economic cooperation with Israel. Hezbollah did not conceal its displeasure with the appointment and accused the government of making concessions to Israel.
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