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Spotlight on Iran and the Shiite Axis (April 23—May 7, 2025)

The Supreme Leader of Iran praised the Palestinian “resistance” in the Gaza Strip and declared that the unity of the Islamic nation is essential to prevent the events taking place in the Gaza Strip and Yemen; The Iranian embassy in Beirut condemned the IDF attack in the Dahiyeh of Beirut and stressed that Israel’s attacks would not prevent the Lebanese people from continuing to resist; Iran strongly condemned the continued Israeli attacks in Syria and called on the international community and the countries of the region to act to stop them. Meanwhile, the Iranian media continued to take advantage of the Israeli attacks in Syria to criticize the Syrian president for his “indifference” amid the IDF’s continued activity in his country; Iran has sent a message to the pro-Iranian Shiite militias in Iraq, calling on them to maintain political unity ahead of the parliamentary elections expected in November 2025; The Houthis claimed responsibility for 12 attacks against Israel using ballistic missiles and drones. Most of the missiles and aircraft were intercepted, but one ballistic missile exploded in the Ben Gurion Airport area, injuring five people. Israel responded with two airstrikes against the port of Al-Hudaydah, the international airport in Sana’a, and other targets. Iran and the members of the “axis of resistance” praised the Houthis for the attack on Ben Gurion Airport, while Tehran again denied any connection to the Houthis’ activity against Israel; US President Trump announced the cessation of US attacks against the Houthis, claiming that they had agreed to halt their attacks against naval vessels. The Houthis have made it clear that they will continue their attacks against Israel until the “aggression” against the Gaza Strip stops.
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Spotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah and Lebanon (April 28 – May 5, 2025)

IDF forces continued operating to counter the presence of Hezbollah in south Lebanon in violation of the ceasefire and to thwart the organization’s renewed attempts to strengthen its military capabilities. Several Hezbollah terrorist operatives were eliminated; Hezbollah secretary general Na'im Qassem claimed that Israel had violated the ceasefire more than 3,000 times. He accused the Lebanese state institutions of failing to exert sufficient diplomatic pressure to stop the attacks but did not say Hezbollah would take action against Israel; Members of the Lebanese leadership met with the American general who headed the ceasefire monitoring committee and with his successor, noting the need to pressure Israel to stop its attacks and withdraw from the five points it holds in south Lebanon to enable the Lebanese army to complete its deployment; Senior Hezbollah figures said a dialogue on a national defense strategy could take place only after the completion of the Israeli withdrawal but continued to oppose disarming Hezbollah. Lebanese President Aoun noted that the decision regarding the state's monopoly over weapons was irreversible. The Lebanese army claimed to have dismantled more than 90% of Hezbollah’s infrastructure south of the Litani River; The Lebanese Supreme Defense Council warned Hamas against taking actions which would undermine the country's sovereignty and national security. Hamas handed over two operatives involved in firing rockets at northern Israel at the end of March 2025; For the first time since 2016, municipal elections are being held in Lebanon: candidates from Hezbollah and Amal's list won in all councils in the Dahiyeh al-Janoubia, the Shi'ite suburb of southern Beirut.
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Spotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah and Lebanon (April 21 – 28, 2025)

IDF forces continued operations against Hezbollah's presence in south Lebanon in violation of the ceasefire and against the organization's renewed attempts at a military buildup. The IDF eliminated Hezbollah operatives and a senior operative affiliated with Hamas, and a warehouse for precision missiles in the Dahiyeh al-Janoubia in southern Beirut was attacked; Hezbollah expressed its dissatisfaction with the functioning of the Lebanese authorities in light of the continuing Israeli attacks and called for a reassessment of the ceasefire monitoring committee; Lebanese government officials claimed the Israeli "violations" were hindering the deployment of the Lebanese army in the south and said Lebanon remained committed to the implementation of Security Council Resolution 1701; The Lebanese army seized Hezbollah military facilities in the south of the country and military intelligence identified key persons, suspected of being Hamas terrorist operatives, of responsibility for the rocket fire targeting Israel; Regarding Hezbollah's disarmament, senior figures said a dialogue on the future of the weapons could only take place after Israel withdrew from Lebanon. Lebanese President Aoun reiterated that the State of Lebanon would have sole authority over weapons. A source in the Lebanese government claimed the armed Palestinian “factions” would also be disarmed; A senior Hezbollah figure admitted that the organization had undergone a "massive earthquake" in the war against Israel but noted it was not certain that the conclusions of its internal investigation of the war would be made public.
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Operation Guardian of the Walls as a watershed moment in Hamas’ strategy for the “destruction of Israel,” as reflected in documents found by the IDF in the Gaza Strip

Israel considered Operation Guardian of the Walls (May 2021) a major success which severely damaged Hamas and strengthened Israeli deterrence. Statements by senior Israeli officials, including the prime minister, the defense minister and senior IDF officers, emphasized the blow to Hamas’ military capabilities, primarily the tunnel system (the so-called “tunnel system”) and claimed Hamas was unlikely to act against Israel for years; Hamas, however, held an opposing view and considered the operation, which it referred to as Operation Sword of Jerusalem, a significant achievement for the movement and a defeat for Israel. That was reflected in public statements by Hamas leaders in the days following the ceasefire, in which they declared a strategic victory and downplayed the extent of damage to their military capabilities. Leaders of the “resistance axis” also praised Hamas and its military wing; The sense of achievement also appeared in captured Hamas documents found during the Gaza Strip War. They included transcripts of conversations and written correspondence between Hamas leaders and senior figures in Iran and Hezbollah; Hamas’ perception of success in the operation bolstered the confidence of Yahya al-Sinwar, head of the Hamas political bureau in the Gaza Strip, who moved forward with military plans to implement the vision of “destroying Israel,” in coordination with other members of the “resistance axis,” even if Iran and Hezbollah were not actively involved; The documents reinforce the assessment, also evident from public statements, that Hamas regarded Operation Guardian of the Walls as a watershed moment in its future strategic plan for the conflict with Israel. Despite the proposal to promote a political move toward a temporary cessation of hostilities, the Hamas leadership under al-Sinwar focused on practical preparations for a major military operation, culminating in the October 7, 2023 attack and massacre, a step in realizing the movement’s long-term vision of “destroying Israel.”
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Spotlight on Iran and the Shiite Axis (April 9—23, 2025)

Iran condemned Israel’s continued activity in the Gaza Strip. Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei called on the Muslim world to take “economic, political and operational” measures against Israel. The commander of the Qods Force and the commander of the Basij forces expressed confidence in the ability of the Palestinian “resistance” to successfully stand up to Israel; Amid the growing discussion on the issue of Hezbollah’s disarmament, Iran’s ambassador to Lebanon expressed firm opposition to the disarmament of Hezbollah and warned of the consequences of such a move, but later clarified that it is a Lebanese internal matter; The Iranian foreign minister declared that Iran has no relations with the transitional government in Syria and is in no hurry to establish such relations; The Houthis claimed responsibility for ten attacks against Israel using ballistic missiles and drones. The IDF Spokesperson reported three incidents of ballistic missile interception and another interception of a drone. There were no casualties; The United States continued its attacks against Houthi military targets and reported the destruction of the energy terminal at the port of Ras Issa. The Houthis accused the Americans of killing dozens of civilians and made it clear that the attacks would not prevent them from continuing their “support” of the Gaza Strip.
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Spotlight on Syria (April 9 –23, 2025)

IDF forces continued targeted raids in the Golan Heights buffer zone. UN officials claimed that Israeli “violations” threatened stability in Syria, while the United States expressed support for Israeli actions against terrorist elements in Syria; President Erdoğan accused Israel of trying to ignite ethnic and sectarian conflict, although the Turkish foreign minister said they did not seek to confront Israel in Syria; Palestinian Authority chairman Mahmoud Abbas held his first meeting with Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa and agreed to enhance cooperation; The Palestinian Islamic Jihad reported that two of its senior operatives were arrested by the authorities in Syria “without cause.”; Syrian security forces confiscated various weapons, including anti-tank and shoulder-fired missiles, during operations against gangs in Daraa Governorate in southern Syria; Syrian President al-Sharaa met with United States Congressmen for the first time. One Congressman claimed al-Sharaa expressed a willingness to improve relations with Israel.
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