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Spotlight on the Israel-Palestinian Conflict (May 6–13, 2025)

IDF forces continued operations targeting Hamas and other terrorist organizations in the Gaza Strip, attacking terrorist operatives, including participants in the October 7, 2023 attack, and destroying terrorist facilities, some of them in civilian installations. Two IDF soldiers were killed in Rafah; Hamas' military wing released the Israeli-American hostage, IDF soldier Idan Alexander, following direct secret talks with the American administration. The organization called for immediate negotiations for ending the war and releasing all "captives."; Hamas continued to promote the “famine” narrative and rejected an American plan to establish aid distribution centers; Hamas' security forces reportedly executed five Gazans as part of an operation against “looters and suspected collaborators with Israel.”; Two IDF soldiers were shot and seriously injured in Samaria. Israeli security forces continued extensive counterterrorism operations in Judea and Samaria, during which the head of a Palestinian Islamic Jihad cell in Jenin was eliminated; Palestinian Authority chairman Mahmoud Abbas visited Moscow and met with the presidents of Russia, China and Egypt. He called for a ceasefire in the Gaza Strip and the transfer of responsibility for Gaza to the Palestinian Authority and discussed the international peace conference planned for June 2025.
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Spotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah and Lebanon (May 5 – 12, 2025)

IDF forces continued taking action against Hezbollah's presence in south Lebanon, which violates the ceasefire, and against the organization's efforts to renew its military capabilities. The IDF attacked a Hezbollah underground compound in the Beaufort Ridge and eliminated several Hezbollah operatives. A senior operative in Hamas' military wing in Lebanon was also eliminated; Hezbollah accused Israel of more than 3,100 “violations” since the start of the ceasefire in November 2024 and claimed 156 people had been killed. Senior Hezbollah figures criticized the government and accused it of weakness in the face of Israeli “aggression."; Senior Lebanese officials condemned the Israeli “violations” and demanded a full withdrawal of IDF forces from Lebanese territory; UNIFIL’s commander said UN forces had discovered more than 200 weapons cache sites and warned that the situation in south Lebanon remained fragile; The Lebanese foreign minister warned that Hezbollah’s stance weakened Lebanon; Senior Hezbollah figures are reportedly pressuring secretary general Na'im Qassem to hold new elections for the Shura Council and hold senior officials who failed during the war with Israel accountable for their failure; Dozens of workers at Beirut Airport were reportedly fired over suspected ties with Hezbollah, part of the government's effort to prevent arms smuggling; A senior Hamas figure in Lebanon claimed they were committed to the ceasefire and the movement had not yet been asked to hand over its weapons.
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Disarming the Palestinian Factions in Lebanon

The Palestinian factions in Lebanon have maintained an armed presence in the refugee camps for decades without interference from the authorities. In recent years, the Hamas branch in Lebanon has become the most powerful military force among the factions, and its active involvement in fighting alongside Hezbollah in the latest conflict drew significant public and political attention; The ceasefire between Israel and Lebanon in November 2024, which ended the fighting between Israel and Hezbollah, led the Lebanese authorities to declare their willingness to institute a state monopoly of weapons throughout the country. The declaration was reinforced under the new president, Joseph Aoun, and the new government headed by Nawaf Salam; The rocket fire attacking northern Israel at the end of March 2025 and the exposure of Hamas operatives as responsible led the authorities to warn the movement not to threaten national security. Following the warning, in an unprecedented move Hamas handed the Lebanese army suspects involved in the rocket fire; At this stage, it is unclear whether Lebanese security forces intend to act militarily to collect the weapons in the country’s Palestinian refugee camps or to simply reorganize relations and increase coordination over weapons use. In ITIC assessment, a successful assertion of state authority over the Palestinian factions could set a precedent for a similar move against Hezbollah, which is considered a more complex and sensitive challenge for Lebanon. As a result, Hezbollah may attempt to prevent a forceful move by the Lebanese army against the Palestinian factions but may also assist in resolving the issue through dialogue.
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Spotlight on Syria (April 23 – May 7, 2025)

The IDF carried out aerial attacks in Syria, including near the presidential palace in Damascus, in the wake of clashes between gunmen affiliated with the Syrian regime and the Druze population. The attacks provoked condemnations from senior officials in the Syrian regime and protests against Israel in cities across Syria; Syrian foreign minister al-Shibani and government officials in Damascus denied reports that Syria was interested in joining the Abraham Accords and strengthening its relations with Israel; The Syrian regime reportedly appointed an official to be responsible for the Palestinian "factions" in the country and informed their representatives that he would supervise the weapons in their possession. Hamas is mediating between the "factions" and the Syrian regime. The secretary general of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command was detained for several hours; Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa (Abu Muhammad al-Julani) confirmed that Turkey and Russia had a presence in the country and reiterated his promise that Syria would not serve as a base for threats to neighboring states; Syrian Foreign Minister al-Shibani visited UN headquarters in New York for the first time, and reported that Syria was working with the international community against terrorist threats.
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Spotlight on Iran and the Shiite Axis (April 23—May 7, 2025)

The Supreme Leader of Iran praised the Palestinian “resistance” in the Gaza Strip and declared that the unity of the Islamic nation is essential to prevent the events taking place in the Gaza Strip and Yemen; The Iranian embassy in Beirut condemned the IDF attack in the Dahiyeh of Beirut and stressed that Israel’s attacks would not prevent the Lebanese people from continuing to resist; Iran strongly condemned the continued Israeli attacks in Syria and called on the international community and the countries of the region to act to stop them. Meanwhile, the Iranian media continued to take advantage of the Israeli attacks in Syria to criticize the Syrian president for his “indifference” amid the IDF’s continued activity in his country; Iran has sent a message to the pro-Iranian Shiite militias in Iraq, calling on them to maintain political unity ahead of the parliamentary elections expected in November 2025; The Houthis claimed responsibility for 12 attacks against Israel using ballistic missiles and drones. Most of the missiles and aircraft were intercepted, but one ballistic missile exploded in the Ben Gurion Airport area, injuring five people. Israel responded with two airstrikes against the port of Al-Hudaydah, the international airport in Sana’a, and other targets. Iran and the members of the “axis of resistance” praised the Houthis for the attack on Ben Gurion Airport, while Tehran again denied any connection to the Houthis’ activity against Israel; US President Trump announced the cessation of US attacks against the Houthis, claiming that they had agreed to halt their attacks against naval vessels. The Houthis have made it clear that they will continue their attacks against Israel until the “aggression” against the Gaza Strip stops.
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Spotlight on the Israel-Palestinian Conflict (April 29 – May 6, 2025)

IDF forces continued attacking targets belonging to Hamas and the other terrorist operatives operating in the Gaza Strip. They eliminated terrorist operatives and destroyed facilities, including an area of rocket launchers prepared to fire rockets at Israel. An IDF officer and soldier were killed in Rafah; Hamas reiterated its proposal for a five-year ceasefire, warning Israel that its intention to expand the military operation in the Gaza Strip endangered the remaining hostages and would not achieve its objectives; Hamas accused Israel of attempting to create chaos in the Gaza Strip amid the looting of humanitarian aid warehouses and announced a nighttime curfew and the formation of a new security unit; Israeli security forces continued extensive counterterrorism activity in Judea and Samaria. An IDF soldier was seriously wounded. The Palestinians condemned the IDF’s intention to demolish more than one hundred structures in the refugee camps in Tulkarm.
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