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Financing Terrorism

Spotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah and Lebanon (July 14–21, 2025)

IDF forces attacked Hezbollah facilities and eliminated operatives as part of continued activity against Hezbollah's presence in south Lebanon in violation of the ceasefire understandings and against the organization’s efforts to renew its arsenal and military capabilities. Radwan Force facilities in the Beqa'a Valley were attacked and Lebanon claimed that 12 people had been killed; Na'im Qassem, Hezbollah secretary general, accused the United States of trying to promote a new agreement which ignored the "thousands of violations" Israel had committed since the beginning of the ceasefire. Hezbollah demanded that Lebanese state institutions put an end to the "useless silence" following the "killing" in the Israeli attacks in the Beqa'a Valley; Thomas Barrack, the American special envoy to Lebanon, met with President Joseph Aoun and was given a new Lebanese response regarding Hezbollah’s disarmament. Barrack said that no progress on the issue would be disappointing, but the United States had no intention of taking punitive measures and only sought to assist and guide. Qassem claimed that relinquishing the weapons would place Lebanon and the "resistance" in existential danger and "allow ISIS to take over the country."; Iran reportedly successfully transfers weapons to Hezbollah through Iraq and Syria using small vehicles instead of large trucks, and the organization also manufactures its own unmanned aerial vehicles and medium-range missiles; A new directive from the Bank of Lebanon, Lebanon's central bank, bans any ties with the al-Qard al-Hassan Association, Hezbollah’s economic wing, due to American sanctions and the Association's financing of terrorism. Hezbollah condemned the decision, and al-Qard al-Hassan said it was continuing its operations and opening additional branches; The Palestinian national security forces reported that they had begun handing over the weapons at some of their headquarters in Lebanon in accordance with the directive of Palestinian Authority chairman Mahmoud Abbas. However, a senior operative in one of the armed "factions" in the refugee camps said that it was unrealistic to ask the Palestinians to disarm without guarantees for their security in light of the "complex" regional situation.
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Spotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah and Lebanon (June 30 – July 7, 2025)

IDF forces attacked Hezbollah facilities and eliminated organizational terrorist operatives as part of continued activity against Hezbollah's presence in south Lebanon in violation of the ceasefire understandings, and against renewed efforts by the organization to reconstruct its military capabilities. Facilities were attacked in south Lebanon and in the Beqa'a Valley, and an operative smuggling weapons for Iran's Qods Force was eliminated; Hezbollah took advantage of the Shi'ite Ashura ceremonies to protest the government's handling of the "Israeli violations" and to justify the continuation of the "resistance.". The United States special envoy, Thomas Barack, admitted that the ceasefire was "a complete failure."; Lebanese President Aoun conveyed to American Envoy Barack his country's response to the American proposals regarding disarmament. Barack expressed satisfaction but noted that the United States would not impose its will and the Lebanese should resolve the issue themselves. Senior Hezbollah figures said they were not willing to discuss the possibility of disarming, and secretary general Na'im Qassem claimed that the missiles were "the foundation of our defense capabilities [sic]," but Hezbollah was reportedly discussing the dismantling of heavy weapons, which had become a "burden."; According to reports, ten thousand of the organization's fighters have been taken out of action since the fighting with Israel began, and Hezbollah has lost all its heavy and medium weapons south of the Litani River. The United States imposed sanctions on senior figures in Hezbollah's economic wing, and Lebanese security forces seized $8.2 million which had been smuggled in suitcases to the airport in Beirut; The Lebanese government claimed the collection of weapons from the Palestinian refugee camps was a fait accompli, and the delay was due to disputes within the Fatah movement and the inability of the Palestinian leadership to unify all factions to implement the decision.
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The “Resistance Axis” and the Israel-Iran War

Iran's use of the proxy organizations throughout the Middle East which compose "resistance axis," is one of the central tenets of Iran's national security doctrine and has motivated its regional activity since the Islamic Revolution. A primary goal in constructing the "resistance axis" was to deter Israel from attacking Iran's nuclear facilities and to provide an immediate response in the event of such an attack; Israel's attack on Iran on June 13, 2025, found the "resistance axis" organizations in crisis after nearly two years of combat, during which many leaders and thousands of operatives were eliminated and their military capabilities were severely damaged. Throughout the 12 days of the Israel-Iran War, during which the Islamic Republic's nuclear facilities were attacked and dozens of commanders and nuclear scientists were eliminated, the proxy organizations took virtually no offensive action against Israel and the United States. Instead, they issued statements of support for Iran and condemnation of Israeli and American attacks, while threatening they would intervene in the fighting if circumstances changed; Iran's leadership has yet to respond to the proxy organizations' lack of action during the war, but senior figures in Tehran have stated that the Islamic Republic remains committed to supporting the "resistance axis" until the "struggle against Israel" has been completed; From the perspective of the "resistance axis," the elimination of Mohammad Saeed Izadi (Hajj Ramadan), the head of the Palestine branch of the Revolutionary Guards' Qods Force, was critical. He was the key figure in Iran's ties with the Palestinian terrorist organizations and with Hezbollah, and played a role in preparing for the October 7, 2023 attack and massacre; The results of the Israel-Iran War will have an impact on the proxy organizations in the immediate future. The United States, Qatar, and Egypt have increased efforts to advance a ceasefire agreement in the Gaza Strip and the release of the hostages, exerting greater pressure on Hamas; Hezbollah is struggling to rebuild its military-terrorist capabilities, has been forced to halt payments to homeowners affected by the fighting with Israel, and is facing increasing pressure to disarm; the issue of dismantling the pro-Iranian militias in Iraq has resurfaced; and the Houthis, who remain the only active "support arena," are attempting to raise their status within the "resistance axis," including by improving their military-terrorist capabilities with Iranian assistance; In ITIC assessment, Iran will now be forced to invest significant resources to rebuild the military capabilities damaged in the Israeli attacks and in stabilizing its military and security apparatus after the elimination of dozens of commanders. Despite the declarations of continued support for the "resistance axis," Iran will struggle to provide the scale of support for its proxies which existed before October 7, 2023. In all probability the elimination of Izadi will have a substantial impact on the continued financial and military support received by the proxy organizations because of his many years of experience. The proxies will also try to adapt to new, unprecedented concessions regarding their military capabilities.
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Spotlight on Iran and the Shiite Axis (June 22—July 2, 2025)

Iranian officials continued to portray the ceasefire between Iran and Israel as a victory for the Islamic Republic. Iran’s Supreme Leader Khamenei and other senior officials warned that any violation of the ceasefire by Israel would result in a harsher response from the Iranian armed forces. They emphasized that the United States was forced to join the campaign against Iran directly to save Israel from defeat; Iran has not yet commented on the abstention of its proxies in the region, including Hezbollah and the Iraqi Shiite militias, from opening additional fronts against Israel during the 12-day war. Apparently, Iran expected assistance from its allies in the region and likely even urged them to join the fighting, but at this stage, senior Iranian officials have not publicly expressed disappointment with the conduct of the components of the “pro-Iranian axis” in the region in the war with Israel and the United States; The Iranian ambassador to Lebanon expressed his appreciation to the participants in the demonstration of solidarity held by Hezbollah supporters in front of the embassy in Beirut and stressed the close ties between the peoples of Iran and Lebanon; A hardline Iranian newspaper strongly attacked Syrian President Ahmed al-Shara over reports of secret talks between Israel and Syria. The criticism reflects growing discontent in Tehran over the possibility of expanding cooperation between Syria and Israel, including vis-à-vis Iran; The Houthis claimed responsibility for several attacks against Israel using ballistic missiles and drones. The IDF Spokesperson reported two incidents of intercepting a ballistic missile and the interception of one drone. In addition, a ballistic missile launched from Yemen crashed en route to Israel.
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Spotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah and Lebanon (June 23 – 30, 2025)

IDF forces attacked Hezbollah facilities and eliminated organization operatives as part of ongoing actions targeting Hezbollah's presence in south Lebanon, contrary to the understandings of the ceasefire agreement and foiling the organization's attempts to rebuild its military capabilities. The IDF attacked a fire- and defense-management complex which Hezbollah was rebuilding at the Beaufort Ridge and eliminated a foreign currency exchange owner who was transferring funds to Hezbollah from Iran; Hezbollah continued to demand that the Lebanese leadership increase pressure on Israel to stop the attacks and withdraw from the five points in south Lebanon, warning that the organization's patience could end. Hezbollah secretary general Qassem stated the organization was capable of "expelling" the IDF from south Lebanon; Despite the continued condemnations by the Lebanese leadership after the Israeli attacks, the Lebanese foreign minister admitted that the statements were meaningless; Deodato Abnagara, the new UNIFIL commander, took office and met with Lebanese President Aoun, who said it was necessary for UNIFIL to cooperate with the Lebanese army to implement UN Security Council Resolution 1701; Hezbollah promoted Iran's "victory" narrative after the ceasefire in the Israel-Iran War. According to reports, the death of Muhammad Saeed Izadi, the head of the Palestine branch of the Qods Force, caused Hezbollah to stop payments to Lebanese whose homes were damaged in the fighting against Israel; Following the ceasefire between Iran and Israel, discussions within the Lebanese leadership accelerated ahead of the first government meeting on disarming Hezbollah. Hezbollah allies, including the Druze leader Walid Jumblatt, called on the organization to give up its weapons, but Hezbollah continues to resist; Lebanese authorities announced they had seized $7 million in cash in suitcases which had arrived on a flight from an African country to Beirut International Airport. 
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Spotlight on Iran and the Shiite Axis (June 18-25, 2025)

Prior to the ceasefire between Iran and Israel, which was announced on June 24, 2025, senior officials in the Iranian administration and the security-military leadership continued to threaten harsh responses to Israel’s ongoing attacks on Iran and the American attack on three nuclear facilities in Iran. The officials called the attacks a “crime” constituting a violation of Iran’s sovereignty and international law and claimed that the American attacks were intended to save Israel, which, they claimed, had failed to achieve its war objectives; Following the announcement of a ceasefire between Iran and Israel, senior Iranian officials presented the end of the fighting as a “victory” for Iran and warned Israel against violating the ceasefire; The IRGC assistant commander for coordination wrote in an open letter to the Palestinian people that “your ongoing jihad for 76 years is beginning to bear fruit,” and that “the fateful day for the realization of your historic mission is approaching, and we will all stand by your side”; Senior Houthi officials expressed support for Iran in the face of the Israeli and American attacks, but did not carry out their own attacks against Israel or American vessels. After the ceasefire, the Houthis made it clear that they would continue their attacks against Israel and escalate them. A senior Houthi official claimed that more than 82,000 volunteers had completed military training to fight Israel; The pro-Iranian militias in Iraq threatened to act against American bases in the country following the American attack on Iran, but there were no exceptional incidents; The leader of the Islamic Resistance Front in Syria said that any “aggression” against the “axis of resistance” is also “aggression” against them and threatened that “every Zionist is a target.”
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